The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), commonly known as food stamps, provides essential support to millions of low-income Americans by offering access to nutritious food through Electronic Benefits Transfer (EBT) cards. While EBT benefits significantly improve food security and dietary quality for recipients, it is important to understand that not all items can be purchased with an EBT card. Despite common misconceptions, SNAP funds come with strict guidelines on eligibility, usage, and allowable purchases.
This guide explores in detail what EBT cards do not cover, helping users make informed decisions and avoid confusion at checkout. Whether you’re a current recipient, a caregiver, or someone considering applying for assistance, understanding these limitations is crucial for maximizing the benefits while staying compliant with federal regulations.
Understanding the Basics of EBT and SNAP
Before diving into exclusions, it’s vital to understand how the EBT and SNAP systems work. Administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and state agencies, SNAP provides monthly benefits loaded onto EBT cards, which function like debit cards and can be used at authorized grocery retailers.
The primary goal of SNAP is to increase access to nutritious foods and combat food insecurity. Eligibility is based on income, household size, assets, and citizenship status. Benefits are calculated based on the Thrifty Food Plan, a USDA-developed model for a low-cost nutritious diet.
However, the program specifically excludes non-food items and certain categories of food-related products to ensure taxpayer dollars are used responsibly and effectively.
General Restrictions on EBT Purchases
SNAP benefits are designed exclusively for food. The USDA defines eligible food as “any food or food product for home consumption.” This broad definition covers most grocery items but excludes many common products found in supermarkets. Items not covered fall into several key categories:
- Non-food items (toiletries, household supplies)
- Alcoholic beverages and tobacco
- Hot, prepared foods
- Vitamins, medicines, and supplements
- Live animals and pet food
- Items for consumption on-site
These exclusions ensure that benefits are used for their intended purpose: promoting nutrition and home food preparation.
Non-Food Household Items
One of the most frequently misunderstood aspects of EBT usage is the prohibition against using benefits for non-food household essentials. While these items are essential for daily living, they are not considered food products and are therefore ineligible.
Common non-food items not covered include:
– Toilet paper and paper towels
– Soap, shampoo, and body wash
– Laundry detergent and cleaning supplies
– Diapers and baby wipes
– Feminine hygiene products
– Light bulbs and batteries
Many recipients express frustration that EBT benefits cannot be used for these basic necessities. However, separate assistance programs like the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program or Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) may offer help with non-food needs, depending on eligibility.
Alcohol and Tobacco Products
Federal law strictly prohibits the use of SNAP benefits for alcohol and tobacco. Retailers that accept EBT benefits must separate prohibited items electronically, ensuring they cannot be purchased with SNAP funds.
This restriction applies regardless of cost or brand. Whether a person wants to buy a $3 six-pack or a luxury bottle of wine, EBT cannot be used. The same applies to:
- Beer, wine, and spirits
- Cigarettes, cigars, and chewing tobacco
- Vaping products and e-cigarettes
These exclusions are rooted in public health and policy decisions: SNAP is a nutrition program, not a general welfare fund. Alcohol and tobacco are not only non-essential but can also negatively impact health, particularly among low-income populations.
Hot and Prepared Foods
Another major restriction involves food that is heated and ready for immediate consumption at the point of sale. While this rule may seem arbitrary, it exists to prevent misuse of benefits for restaurant meals and prepared dishes that bypass home cooking.
Examples of unallowable hot foods:
– Rotisserie chickens (if kept warm)
– Hot deli meals like sandwiches or soups
– Sushi or ready-to-eat meals from the hot bar
– Pizza from grocery store counters
There is, however, an exception. Some states participate in the Restaurant Meals Program (RMP), which allows certain eligible SNAP recipients—such as homeless individuals, seniors, and people with disabilities—to buy low-cost meals from approved restaurants. Participation varies by state, and not all areas offer this option.
Vitamins, Medicines, and Supplements
Though packaged in similar ways to food, dietary supplements, medications, and vitamins are explicitly not covered by SNAP. This applies even if these products are sold in the grocery aisle or marketed for health benefits.
EBT benefits cannot be used for:
– Multi-vitamins or individual supplements (e.g., vitamin C, iron, calcium)
– Herbal remedies and supplements like echinacea or ginseng
– Protein powders and energy bars if labeled as supplements
– Over-the-counter medications (pain relievers, cough syrup, antacids)
– Prescription drugs or medical devices
This exclusion stems from SNAP’s nutritional focus—it supports food, not medical treatment. However, infant formula and certain nutritional drinks are exceptions if sold as food products and approved by the FDA.
Pet Food and Live Animals
Despite the emotional bond families have with pets, pet food is not an eligible purchase under SNAP. The program is designed for human nutrition, and feeding pets—even service or emotional support animals—cannot be covered.
Similarly, live animals cannot be purchased with EBT, even if the intent is for food production. This includes:
– Chickens, rabbits, or goats for backyard farming
– Fish or livestock
– Seeds or plants for non-food purposes
Important exception: SNAP recipients may purchase seeds and plants intended to grow food for household consumption. This allows families to grow vegetables and fruits at home, promoting long-term food security.
What About Food Delivery and Convenience Fees?
With the rise of online grocery shopping and food delivery, questions have emerged about how EBT applies to digital platforms. SNAP recipients can use EBT benefits online through authorized grocers like Amazon, Walmart, and Instacart—but only for eligible food items.
What Delivery Fees Are Not Covered?
While food items may be eligible, delivery fees, service charges, and tips are not covered by SNAP. These are considered non-food expenses and must be paid with another funding source, such as cash or a separate debit card.
For example:
| Item | EBT-Covered? |
|---|---|
| Bag of apples | Yes |
| Peanut butter | Yes |
| Delivery fee ($7.99) | No |
| Service tip ($3.00) | No |
This limitation can pose challenges for individuals without reliable transportation. However, some programs and non-profits offer assistance with delivery costs in specific communities.
Are Convenience Store Items Eligible?
Convenience stores are among the retail locations authorized to accept EBT, but their selection is limited. Many staples found in larger grocery stores are unavailable, and common convenience store items are often ineligible.
Items typically not covered in convenience stores:
– Lottery tickets
– Energy drinks (if labeled as supplements)
– Hot coffee or fountain soda if consumed on-site
– Cigarettes, cigars, and vape pens
However, prepackaged sandwiches, bottled water, canned vegetables, and breakfast cereals may be eligible if they meet SNAP food guidelines.
Specific Food Categories That May Surprise You
Some food items fall into gray areas where eligibility depends on packaging, ingredients, or intended use. Understanding these nuances can help avoid confusion at checkout.
Energy Drinks and Sports Beverages
Energy drinks such as Red Bull, Monster, and 5-Hour Energy are typically not eligible if they are labeled as dietary supplements. However, if an energy drink carries a nutrition facts label (like Gatorade or Powerade) and is not supplemented with extra vitamins or stimulants beyond what’s typical for a beverage, it may be approved.
The distinction lies in how the product is classified by the manufacturer and FDA. SNAP benefits cannot be used for items marketed as supplements, regardless of content.
Prepared Bakery Items
Bakery items like cakes, cookies, and donuts are eligible if they are sold unheated and for home consumption. However, if a bakery offers a heated item—such as a warm chocolate croissant or a hot casserole—SNAP benefits cannot be used to purchase it.
Additionally, birthday cakes for special occasions are allowed, as long as the value is within reason and the cake is not combined with non-eligible services like decorations or delivery.
Condiments and Cooking Essentials
Some recipients are surprised to learn that essential cooking items like salt, pepper, oil, and spices are eligible under SNAP, as long as they are intended for human consumption. Vinegar, baking soda, and even vanilla extract can be purchased with EBT benefits.
However, cooking wine or liquor-based flavorings are not allowed because they may contain alcohol. Similarly, dish soap or oven cleaner sold next to spices is ineligible.
Common Misconceptions About What EBT Cannot Cover
Despite educational efforts, myths about EBT persist—some fueled by stigma, others by confusion between SNAP and other programs. Clarifying these misconceptions helps reduce misinformation and support better understanding.
Myth: EBT Can Be Used for Fast Food
False, with rare exceptions. In most states, using EBT at fast-food restaurants like McDonald’s, Subway, or Taco Bell is not allowed. However, as previously mentioned, states with the Restaurant Meals Program (RMP) may permit it for specific groups, including:
– Homeless individuals
– Elderly persons (over 60)
– People with disabilities who cannot cook at home
California, Arizona, and Michigan are among the few states that actively participate in RMP. Even then, only designated locations and limited meal types are approved.
Myth: EBT Covers Diapers and Baby Formula
Only partially true. While infant formula is covered under SNAP (because it’s a food product for human consumption), diapers and wipes are not. However, the WIC program provides formula, baby food, and infant cereals, as well as diapers through affiliated community resources in some cases.
Families with infants should look into both SNAP and WIC to maximize support.
Myth: You Can Get Cash Back with EBT
No, EBT cards do not allow cash withdrawals for SNAP benefits. However, some EBT cards are dual-purpose, also carrying TANF (cash assistance) benefits. In those cases, recipients may access cash through ATMs using a PIN—but only for the TANF portion, not SNAP.
SNAP funds are strictly limited to food purchases and cannot be converted into cash.
Why These Restrictions Exist
The exclusions in the SNAP program are not arbitrary—they are shaped by federal policy designed to meet specific objectives: improving nutrition, ensuring program integrity, and maintaining public support.
Promoting Nutritious Food Choices
By restricting non-food and luxury items, SNAP encourages recipients to prioritize essential, nutrient-dense foods. This focus aligns with public health goals, such as reducing obesity and chronic disease in vulnerable populations.
Preventing Fraud and Misuse
Limiting EBT to specific food categories reduces opportunities for fraud, such as reselling benefits or purchasing ineligible products. Retailers must maintain strict inventory systems to separate SNAP-eligible items, and violations can result in decertification.
Maintaining Political and Public Support
SNAP relies on federal funding, and public perception impacts its longevity. Clear restrictions help reassure taxpayers that benefits are used appropriately. Allowing purchases of alcohol, luxury items, or non-food products could generate public backlash and threaten future funding.
Alternatives and Additional Resources
While EBT has limitations, assistance doesn’t end there. Families and individuals facing financial hardship can access multiple support programs to fill the gaps.
WIC (Women, Infants, and Children)
WIC provides supplemental foods, nutrition education, and healthcare referrals for pregnant women, new mothers, infants, and children under five. Eligible foods include:
– Milk, cheese, and yogurt
– Whole grains and cereals
– Fruits and vegetables
– Infant formula and baby food
Unlike SNAP, WIC benefits are more narrowly defined but cover specific nutritional needs.
TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families)
TANF offers cash assistance that recipients can use for housing, utilities, clothing, and other basic needs. Unlike SNAP, TANF funds are not restricted to food and can cover diapers, hygiene products, or transportation.
Eligibility varies by state, and benefits are often time-limited.
Local Food Banks and Pantries
Food banks and community pantries provide free groceries, including non-SNAP-eligible essentials like diapers, toiletries, and cleaning supplies. These programs often fill the gaps left by federal assistance and are instrumental during emergencies.
Many pantries also offer fresh produce, baby formula, and culturally specific foods—resources that may be limited through SNAP alone.
How Retailers Comply with EBT Rules
Authorized retailers must follow strict guidelines when accepting EBT payments. The USDA requires point-of-sale (POS) systems to electronically separate eligible and non-eligible items, so that only food items are charged to the SNAP balance.
For example, if a shopper buys milk, bread, and laundry detergent, the system will only deduct the cost of milk and bread from the EBT account. The detergent charge must be paid another way.
Failure to comply—such as allowing EBT use for tobacco or providing cash back—can lead to fines, loss of authorization, or criminal penalties.
Practical Tips for EBT Cardholders
To make the most of your benefits and avoid checkout issues, consider the following:
Plan meals in advance to prioritize nutrient-rich, eligible items like fresh produce, lean proteins, whole grains, and low-fat dairy.
Read labels carefully—especially for energy drinks, protein bars, and supplements—to determine eligibility.
Use online tools like the USDA’s SNAP Retailer Locator or app-based grocery lists to shop efficiently at authorized stores.
Contact your state SNAP office if you’re unsure about an item—most agencies offer helplines and FAQs.
Combine programs and resources—don’t rely solely on SNAP. Use WIC, food banks, and community health clinics to stretch your budget.
Final Thoughts
Understanding what an EBT card does not cover is essential for every SNAP recipient. While the restrictions may seem limiting, they’re designed to ensure that benefits support proper nutrition and are used responsibly.
Knowing the rules helps avoid embarrassment at checkout, reduces stress, and empowers users to make informed decisions. By leveraging SNAP alongside other assistance programs and community resources, families can achieve greater food security and overall well-being.
EBT is a vital tool in the fight against hunger. When used wisely and in accordance with federal guidelines, it provides a foundation for healthier lives and stronger communities.
What are EBT cards, and how are they used in the SNAP program?
EBT, or Electronic Benefit Transfer, cards are government-issued debit-like cards that provide access to benefits from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). These benefits are intended to help low-income individuals and families purchase food. The card is loaded with funds monthly, which recipients can use at authorized retailers such as grocery stores, supermarkets, and farmers markets to buy eligible food items.
The purpose of EBT cards is to support nutrition and food security by making it easier for participants to access healthy, affordable food. However, EBT cards are not meant to cover non-food expenses or luxury items. Usage is monitored closely, and transactions are restricted based on specific federal guidelines to ensure benefits serve their intended purpose—improving access to nutritious food for vulnerable populations.
Can EBT cards be used to buy hot or prepared foods?
Generally, EBT cards cannot be used to purchase hot or ready-to-eat foods. This restriction exists because SNAP benefits are designed for groceries that individuals can prepare at home, not for restaurant meals or takeout. Examples include hot rotisserie chickens, deli meals, pizza, or food from buffet lines, even if they are nutritious options.
There are limited exceptions, such as through the Restaurant Meals Program (RMP), which allows elderly, disabled, or homeless SNAP recipients in certain states to purchase prepared meals from approved restaurants. This program acknowledges that some beneficiaries may not have access to cooking facilities. However, participation in RMP is optional for states, so availability varies significantly depending on location.
Are vitamins, supplements, and medicines covered by SNAP benefits?
No, SNAP benefits do not cover vitamins, dietary supplements, or over-the-counter medicines. These products are categorized as non-food items even though they may contribute to health and wellness. The program’s focus is strictly on food for consumption, so items labeled as supplements, including multivitamins, protein powders, and herbal remedies, cannot be purchased with an EBT card.
This restriction is based on federal regulations that define eligible foods. While nutritious food can support overall health, SNAP does not extend to products sold as supplements, even if they resemble food items. For example, energy bars labeled as supplements rather than food are ineligible, regardless of their nutritional content.
Can EBT be used to buy alcoholic beverages or tobacco products?
EBT cards explicitly prohibit the purchase of alcoholic beverages and tobacco products. These items are considered non-essential and pose public health concerns, which is why they are excluded under SNAP regulations. This includes beer, wine, liquor, cigarettes, cigars, chewing tobacco, and e-cigarettes.
Retailers who accept EBT are required to prevent these purchases at the point of sale. Attempting to use SNAP benefits for alcohol or tobacco is a violation of program rules and may result in penalties for both the individual and the retailer. The restriction reflects the program’s goal of supporting food needs rather than funding substance use.
Is it possible to buy pet food with SNAP benefits?
No, pet food cannot be purchased with EBT cards. Although pets are important to many households, SNAP funds are designated solely for human food consumption. Items such as dog food, cat food, birdseed, and other animal feeds are considered non-eligible, regardless of how essential they may seem to pet owners.
This restriction is rooted in the federal definition of “food” under the SNAP program, which excludes any product not intended for human consumption. While this can be challenging for low-income families managing pet care, alternative resources like pet food pantries or charitable organizations may offer assistance.
Can EBT benefits be used for household supplies like soap or toilet paper?
SNAP benefits cannot be used to purchase household supplies such as soap, toilet paper, paper towels, diapers, cleaning products, or cosmetics. These are considered non-food items, even if they are essential for hygiene and daily living. The program’s scope is strictly limited to food that contributes to a nutritious diet.
Although these restrictions may seem stringent, they reflect the targeted nature of SNAP. Individuals seeking help with non-food essentials may qualify for other assistance programs, such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) or local social services, which can help cover these costs. Understanding the full range of available support can ease household budgeting.
Are energy drinks and sugary beverages eligible for purchase with EBT?
Yes, most energy drinks and sugary beverages are eligible for purchase with EBT if they are labeled as food and have a Nutrition Facts panel. Drinks like soda, sports drinks, sweetened teas, and certain energy drinks that are sold as food items (not supplements) can be bought using SNAP benefits. However, if an energy drink has a Supplement Facts label, it is considered a dietary supplement and therefore ineligible.
This distinction can be confusing for shoppers, as similar products may be categorized differently based on packaging. The USDA relies on product labeling to determine eligibility, so manufacturers’ choices affect what consumers can buy. While SNAP allows these beverages, nutritionists often encourage recipients to prioritize water, milk, and 100% fruit juices for better health outcomes.