Cats are naturally curious and intelligent animals, but their behaviors are often shaped by instinct more than training. One behavior that many cat owners wonder about is teaching their cat to chew. Unlike dogs, cats aren’t typically known for chewing on toys or treats—and with good reason. Their dental anatomy, digestion, and natural tendencies are built for a different kind of food processing. However, encouraging your feline friend to chew can have significant benefits, including improved oral health, mental stimulation, and even better digestion.
While the idea of “teaching” a cat to chew might seem unusual, it’s a topic worth exploring—especially if your cat struggles with dental issues or refuses to eat certain types of food. This article will guide you through the science behind feline chewing behavior, explore why chewing matters, and provide actionable steps to help you gently and safely encourage your cat to chew.
Why Chewing Matters for Cats
Before diving into the “how,” it’s essential to understand the “why.” Chewing isn’t a central behavior in cats the way it is in dogs, but that doesn’t mean it lacks value. In fact, chewing plays a crucial role in maintaining a cat’s overall health, particularly their oral and digestive systems.
Oral Health Benefits
Cats are prone to periodontal disease—more than 70% of cats over the age of three have some form of dental issue. Chewing helps reduce plaque and tartar buildup by mechanically scrubbing the teeth. Dry kibble, specially designed dental treats, and chew toys can all contribute to better tooth health when consistently used.
Risk of dental disease in cats can be minimized the more they chew, especially on textured or abrasive surfaces that stimulate the gums and clean tooth enamel.
Digestive Advantages
Believe it or not, chewing aids in the initial phase of digestion. When a cat chews, saliva mixes with food, beginning the breakdown process. Saliva contains enzymes like amylase (though in smaller quantities than in humans) that can start softening food before it reaches the stomach.
Cats that swallow food whole are more likely to experience indigestion or vomiting, particularly if they eat too quickly. Encouraging chewing can slow down eating, reduce air intake during meals, and promote a smoother digestive process.
Mental Stimulation and Behavioral Enrichment
Cats need environmental and cognitive enrichment to thrive. Chewing on safe toys or puzzle treats stimulates their mind, reduces boredom, and can help alleviate anxiety-driven behaviors like overgrooming or destructive scratching.
Chewing mimics natural hunting behaviors—such as gnawing on bones or tearing meat—that are part of a cat’s instinctive repertoire, especially in wild felines.
The Feline Anatomy: Why Cats Don’t Chew Like Humans
Understanding why cats don’t naturally chew requires a look at their anatomy and evolutionary history.
Teeth Designed for Tearing, Not Grinding
Cats are obligate carnivores, meaning their bodies are designed to consume and thrive on animal-based proteins. Their teeth reflect this:
- Incisors: Small front teeth used for nibbling and grooming
- Canines: Sharp fangs ideal for gripping and piercing prey
- Premolars and molars: Located toward the back, these teeth shear food into manageable pieces
Unlike humans or herbivores, cats lack flat molars for grinding food. Their jaw movement is limited to up-and-down motion, making it difficult to chew in the way we understand it. Instead, they use a scissor-like action called carnassial shear to slice food into swallowable chunks.
Fast Eating Is Instinctual
In the wild, cats eat quickly to avoid competition or danger. This behavior is ingrained, which is why many domestic cats bolt their food. Slowing this down through chewing interventions can go against natural tendencies—but with patience, it’s possible.
Small Stomach, Rapid Digestion
Cats have relatively small stomachs and fast digestion cycles. Their bodies are efficient at processing protein-rich diets quickly, so they don’t require prolonged chewing like omnivores. However, this doesn’t mean chewing has no place in their diet—especially as a preventive health measure.
Signs Your Cat May Need to Chew More
While chewing isn’t a primary behavior, certain signs may indicate that encouraging it could be beneficial:
Common Indicators
- Bad breath or visible tartar buildup
- Frequent drooling or pawing at the mouth
- Dropping food while eating
- Limited interest in dry food or reluctance to crunch kibble
- Overeating or gulping food without pausing
- Excessive scratching of furniture or inappropriate chewing on household objects
If your cat exhibits any of these signs, it might be time to introduce safe and engaging ways to promote healthy chewing behavior.
How to Teach Your Cat to Chew: Step-by-Step Strategies
Teaching your cat to chew isn’t about training them like a dog—it’s about creating opportunities and incentives that align with their natural instincts and preferences. Here are effective and compassionate methods to gently introduce chewing behavior.
1. Choose the Right Chewable Foods
Not all foods are created equal when it comes to encouraging chewing. Selecting appropriate textures and flavors can make a big difference.
Dry Kibble: The Foundation
Most commercial dry cat foods are designed to be crunchy, which naturally promotes chewing. However, not all kibble is equally effective. Look for formulas that include:
- Large, irregularly shaped pieces that require biting
- Dental health benefits (e.g., ingredients that reduce tartar)
- No artificial fillers that compromise texture
If your cat refuses kibble, transition slowly from wet food. Mix a small amount with their preferred food and gradually increase the kibble ratio.
Dental Treats and Chew Snacks
Dental treats are specifically engineered to promote chewing. Brands like Greenies, Virbac, or Hills Science Diet offer vet-approved chews that clean teeth while satisfying your cat’s taste buds.
When introducing dental treats:
- Start with small portions to prevent choking
- Offer them at consistent times, such as after meals
- Mix flavors or textures to discover your cat’s preference
Be sure to choose treats approved by the Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) for maximum effectiveness.
2. Introduce Chew Toys and Oral Enrichment Tools
Just as chew toys are great for dogs, specially designed options exist for cats. These help satisfy the urge to gnaw while improving dental health.
Types of Chew Toys
| Type of Toy | Material | Benefits | Brand Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| Textured rubber toys | Latex-free rubber | Durable, safe for gentle chewing, stimulates gums | Yeowww! Catnip Banana, Petstages Tower of Tracks |
| Dental rings | Soft silicone or nylon | Cleans teeth while being chewed | SmartyKat Treat Ball, Catit Dental Treat Ball |
| Edible chews | Dehydrated meat, fish, or milk-based treats | Safe to consume, encourages prolonged chewing | Fidocal Milk Bones, Whole Earth Farms Chicken Chews |
Introduce chew toys during playtime to associate them with fun, not feeding. Use catnip or treats inside puzzle toys to entice your cat to engage.
3. Use Puzzle Feeders and Slow-Feed Devices
Encouraging your cat to chew often means slowing down their eating. Puzzle feeders require your cat to work for their food, naturally increasing chewing and mental effort.
Types of puzzle feeders:
- Rolling balls with food dispensers
- Stationary trays with movable parts
- Interactive apps or feeders that require paw movement
These devices do not force chewing but help promote it indirectly by making your cat manipulate food pieces and break them apart before ingestion.
4. Reward and Reinforce Chewing Behavior
Cats respond well to positive reinforcement. When you observe your cat chewing on appropriate objects—or even pausing to bite kibble—reward them with affection, verbal praise, or a small treat.
Never punish your cat for not chewing. Instead, create an environment where chewing is appealing and rewarding.
Pro Tips:
- Use high-value treats only during chewing sessions to build positive associations.
- Be patient—some cats take weeks to adopt new eating habits.
- Monitor for any signs of distress or disinterest and adjust your approach.
5. Address Underlying Health Issues
Some cats avoid chewing because of dental pain, misaligned teeth, or oral infections. Before teaching your cat to chew, schedule a veterinary check-up to rule out medical conditions.
Common health problems that inhibit chewing:
- Tooth resorption (common in adult cats)
- Gingivitis or periodontitis
- Oral tumors or ulcers
- Sensitivity to temperatures in food
If your cat resists chewing despite every effort, and seems to be in pain, consult your vet. X-rays or dental cleanings might be necessary before any behavioral changes can take place.
Dangers and Myths About Cat Chewing
While encouraging chewing has clear benefits, it’s equally important to be aware of common misconceptions and potential dangers.
Myth: Cats Should Chew Like Dogs
Cats are not meant to chew continuously like dogs. Their chewing will always be limited compared to species with grinding molars. The goal isn’t to mimic canine behavior but to promote functional, health-oriented chewing.
Realistic expectation: Your cat might chew kibble briefly or gnaw on a treat for a few minutes—not hours on a chew toy.
Dangerous Chewing Materials to Avoid
Never allow your cat to chew on toxic or indigestible materials. Some household items are tempting but hazardous:
- Electrical cords—risk of electrocution
- Plastic packaging—can cause intestinal blockages
- String, rubber bands, or yarn—dangerous if swallowed
- Houseplants like lilies or dieffenbachia—potentially fatal if ingested
If your cat chews on inappropriate objects, redirect them toward safe alternatives and cat-proof your home.
Overfeeding Treats and Chews
Dental treats and edible chews should be given in moderation. Overuse can lead to weight gain or nutritional imbalances. Follow feeding guidelines on product packaging and account for treat calories in your cat’s daily intake.
When Teaching Chewing Goes Wrong: Troubleshooting Tips
Every cat is different, and some may resist chewing despite consistent efforts. Here’s how to adapt your strategy:
Problem: My Cat Ignores Chew Toys
Some cats may not find traditional chew toys stimulating. Try these alternatives:
- Wrap a chew toy in cat-safe foil or paper (short-term novelty)
- Rub with catnip or silver vine
- Hide treats inside or rub on the surface to entice interest
Rotating chew toys every few days can also renew interest.
Problem: My Cat Only Eats Wet Food
Cats addicted to wet food often find dry kibble unappealing. Start by mixing a small amount of kibble with wet food and gradually increase over several weeks.
You can also soften dry kibble with warm water or broth to make it more palatable while still requiring some chewing.
Problem: My Cat Chokes or Gulps Chews
If your cat tries to swallow large treats whole:
- Break treats into smaller pieces
- Supervise all chew sessions
- Choose softer, easily digestible chews
Always read labels to ensure treats are appropriate for your cat’s age, size, and breed.
Long-Term Benefits of Teaching Your Cat to Chew
Success in teaching your cat to chew isn’t measured in obedience but in long-term health improvements. Over time, you may notice:
- Fresher breath and cleaner teeth
- Reduced vet bills from fewer dental procedures
- Slower, more mindful eating habits
- Less destructive chewing around the house
- Improved engagement and happiness during mealtime
By integrating chewing into your cat’s daily routine—even in small doses—you’re investing in their quality of life.
Final Thoughts: Patience and Consistency Are Key
Teaching your cat to chew is less about training and more about shaping a healthy environment that supports natural behaviors. Cats won’t chew the way we might expect, but with thoughtful choices in food, toys, and feeding strategies, you can promote habits that benefit their health and happiness.
Remember, every cat learns at their own pace. Some may take to chewing immediately, while others need weeks or months of gentle encouragement. Stay observant, maintain veterinary care, and celebrate small victories—like the first time your cat crunches kibble slowly or gnaws on a dental treat.
In the end, the goal isn’t simply to teach a behavior. It’s to enrich your cat’s life through improved oral health, better digestion, and a stronger bond between pet and owner. With patience, love, and the right tools, you can help your feline companion chew their way to wellness.
Why is chewing important for my cat’s health?
Chewing plays a crucial role in maintaining your cat’s dental health and overall well-being. When cats chew regularly, it helps reduce tartar buildup and plaque on their teeth, which in turn lowers the risk of periodontal disease and other oral health issues. Strong jaw muscles also support efficient eating and digestion, especially when transitioning from soft to harder food types. Additionally, chewing can serve as a form of mental stimulation, helping to prevent boredom and associated behavioral problems.
Beyond the physical and dental benefits, appropriate chewing activities can also alleviate anxiety or stress in cats, especially if they have a tendency to engage in excessive grooming or destructive behaviors. Providing safe chewing outlets redirects their natural urge to bite and gnaw—instincts inherited from their wild ancestors—into healthier habits. By encouraging chewing, you also promote better gastrointestinal function, as the act stimulates saliva production and aids in the breakdown of food before it reaches the stomach.
Can all cats learn to chew, or is it breed-specific?
Most cats, regardless of breed, have the physical ability to chew, although the willingness to do so may vary between individuals. Chewing behavior is not exclusive to any particular breed; rather, it depends on a cat’s age, dental health, environment, and prior experiences with food and toys. Some cats may naturally explore textures with their mouths, while others may need gentle encouragement and training. With patience and consistency, even reluctant chewers can develop this skill over time.
Certain breeds, such as Bengals or Abyssinians, may show more curiosity and playfulness, which can make them more receptive to chewing activities. However, this does not mean other breeds cannot be taught. Senior cats or those with dental issues might initially resist chewing due to discomfort, so it’s essential to tailor the approach to your cat’s specific needs. Consulting a veterinarian to rule out underlying dental problems is a good first step before beginning any chewing training program.
What types of chew toys are safe for cats?
Safe chew toys for cats are typically made from non-toxic, durable, and soft materials such as rubber, food-grade silicone, or natural fibers like sisal. Look for products specifically designed for cats and labeled as chew-safe, avoiding items with small detachable parts that could pose choking hazards. Some chew toys are infused with catnip or silver vine to encourage interaction, making them more enticing for hesitant chewers. Interactive puzzle toys that require chewing to release treats can also be effective for training.
Avoid giving your cat human chew items like rawhide, bones, or plastic toys meant for dogs, as these can splinter, cause intestinal blockages, or contain harmful chemicals. Always supervise your cat during initial chew toy sessions to ensure they are using the item appropriately. Replace toys that show signs of excessive wear or damage to prevent ingestion of fragments. Introducing a variety of textures and shapes can help identify which types your cat prefers and engages with most.
Is it safe to give my cat edible chews or dental treats?
Yes, edible chews and dental treats can be safe for cats when specifically formulated for feline consumption and used according to the manufacturer’s guidelines. These products often help reduce plaque and freshen breath while satisfying your cat’s urge to chew. Look for options approved by veterinary dental associations and check the ingredient list to ensure they don’t contain artificial additives, excessive sugars, or ingredients your cat may be allergic to. Always introduce new treats gradually to monitor for any digestive upset.
Portion control is vital when offering edible chews, as overfeeding can lead to weight gain or gastrointestinal issues. Treats should make up no more than 10% of your cat’s daily caloric intake. It’s also important to match the treat size and texture to your cat’s age and dental condition—kittens and senior cats may need softer options. Consult your veterinarian before introducing dental chews, particularly if your cat has existing health conditions like diabetes or kidney disease.
How do I introduce chewing to a kitten?
Introducing chewing to a kitten can begin as early as eight to twelve weeks of age, when they are naturally curious and exploring their environment. Start with soft, kitten-safe chew toys or small pieces of dental-friendly plush toys filled with catnip. Incorporate play sessions that involve chewing by gently guiding the toy into their mouth or letting them gnaw during interactive games. Pairing chewing activities with positive reinforcement, such as praise or small treats, helps build a favorable association.
Gradually introduce a variety of textures, including rubber toys and edible kitten chews, to expose them to different chewing experiences. This early exposure can establish lifelong healthy habits and reduce the likelihood of oral health problems later in life. Avoid forcing chewing behavior—instead, make it a fun and stress-free experience. Monitor your kitten closely during chew sessions to prevent accidental ingestion of toy pieces and to ensure they are chewing safely.
What should I do if my cat refuses to chew anything?
If your cat refuses to chew, begin by evaluating possible underlying causes such as dental pain, oral disease, or anxiety. A veterinary examination can rule out medical issues that might make chewing uncomfortable or unappealing. It’s also possible your cat has never developed the habit and requires a more gradual or enticing approach. Consider the environment—some cats are more likely to chew in quiet, secure areas where they feel relaxed.
Try offering a variety of chew options, such as soft rubber toys, textured dental mats, or treats with appealing scents like fish or chicken. Experiment with temperature by slightly chilling or warming certain edible chews. Incorporate chewing into playtime or reward-based training sessions to increase motivation. Consistency is key—continue gentle encouragement without pressure. Over time, pairing chewing with positive experiences can help change your cat’s behavior.
Can chewing help with hairball prevention in cats?
Chewing can indirectly assist in hairball prevention by promoting better digestion and increasing saliva production. Saliva acts as a natural lubricant that helps hair pass more smoothly through the digestive tract, reducing the chance of it clumping into hairballs. Dental chews and toys that stimulate vigorous chewing may enhance this effect, especially when combined with a high-fiber diet designed for hairball control. Additionally, some specialized edible chews contain ingredients like malt or fiber to support GI motility.
However, chewing alone is not a complete solution for hairball management. Regular grooming, particularly for long-haired breeds, remains the most effective preventative measure. Supplemental strategies such as feeding hairball formulas, using hairball pastes, or adding fiber supplements may be necessary. If your cat frequently produces hairballs despite chewing and grooming, consult your vet, as this may indicate an underlying digestive issue or excessive grooming behavior.